Generally, what methods and approaches are recommended for learning a foreign language more effectively and systematically?
Aynur Akhundova, 'Young Teacher of the Year' and English language teacher, provided a statement to AzEdu.az regarding the topic.
She noted that comprehensible and level-appropriate material is a fundamental condition for language learning:
“This question is often addressed to me: "Is learning a foreign language truly difficult?" As a teacher, I believe that the issue is not in the difficulty of the language itself, but in how we approach it. Language learning is a natural process. A child acquires their native language not by memorizing grammar rules, but by listening, imitating, and using it. A foreign language should also be learned using the same principle.
Sometimes we present grammar as an end goal. However, grammar is merely a system, a tool that helps to construct the language correctly. The main goal, however, is communication. If a student only memorizes rules but does not speak, listen, or read, this process will naturally seem heavy and tiresome to them. As Stephen Krashen also noted, people learn primarily by understanding. Comprehensible and level-appropriate material is a fundamental condition for language learning.
Another important point is the psychological barrier. Students often fear making mistakes. However, mistakes are an integral part of development. I always say that language is not a subject, but a skill. And a skill is only developed through use. Speaking ability does not develop without speaking.
For more effective and systematic foreign language learning, the parallel development of four skills – listening, reading, speaking, and writing – is crucial. Short but continuous practice yields better results. Language is not a sprint, but a marathon. With patience, the right method, and regular practice, learning a foreign language is not difficu< on the contrary, it transforms into an enjoyable and motivating process”.
The teacher also emphasized that choosing the right method plays a decisive role in effective foreign language learning:
“I can mention a few approaches that I consider most effective in my experience.
Firstly, it is a phased and supported learning approach. According to Lev Vygotsky's 'Zone of Proximal Development' theory, a student develops faster through tasks they cannot perform alone but can accomplish with the help of a teacher or a more knowledgeable peer. This means the material should be neither too easy nor excessively difficult. An optimal level should be chosen.
Secondly, the shadowing method is highly effective. The student repeats the sentence they hear simultaneously. This method develops pronunciation, intonation, and fluency.
Thirdly, it is the communicative approach. Language should be built on communication, not on rules. Role-playing, dialogues, and real-life situations develop speaking skills more rapidly.
Fourthly, it is the principle of regular and short practice. Systematic work for 20-30 minutes every day is more effective than a long practice session once a week.
Finally, learning grammar in context is important. Instead of memorizing rules separately, using them within sentences and situations yields more lasting results.
In my opinion, when these methods are applied in parallel, the language learning process becomes easier, more systematic, and more motivating”.
