In recent years, parallel to the increasing demand for education abroad, "fake universities" or unofficial educational institutions have also rapidly proliferated in the market. Especially "online doctoral" or "hybrid PhD programs" presented using the names of Northern Cyprus, Poland, and some European countries pose serious risks.
What is a Fake University?
A fake university is an institution without official accreditation, not recognized by the state, and whose diplomas have no legal validity. These institutions often present themselves as an "international university," "European institute," or "academy."
Their main goal is to attract students with the promise of a quick and easy diploma or military deferment.
The most commonly used deceptive model: "Online or Hybrid Doctorate." The most frequently encountered model in recent times includes phrases like "fully online doctorate," "Diploma recognized in Europe."
In reality, this model is completely contrary to the scientific system.
According to Mürsəl Əliyev, an expert in Education Abroad, who gave a statement to **AzEdu.az** on the topic, "the concept of hybrid doctorate is not real":
"I particularly want to emphasize that the concept of "hybrid doctorate" does not exist academically. Educational forms are generally divided into three main categories: full-time, part-time, and online education. However, education in a fully online or "hybrid" format at the doctoral level is not considered compliant with international academic standards.
Unfortunately, the situation in this area is quite serious at present. The number of applicants to "universities" that do not exist, created only formally or on paper, is increasing, leading to widespread problems. People want an easy solution, but this convenience will cost them dearly," the expert noted in conclusion.
Why are these programs fake?
Doctoral programs are not fully online
For example, doctoral programs in Turkey are regulated by YÖK (Council of Higher Education). According to YÖK regulations, PhD programs must be full-time or at least under strict academic supervision. The student must conduct scientific research and defend it. There must be a physical or formal academic connection with the supervisor.
No accreditation
Various accreditation systems exist for the recognition of universities in Europe. For example, "higher education" institutions not affiliated with systems like ENQA and EQAR can only operate as courses or websites.
Diplomas are not recognized
Diplomas obtained from these institutions are not recognized by the Quality Assurance Agency in Education in Azerbaijan and have no legal validity in Turkey and Europe. In other words, you pay money, but you receive a piece of paper with no real value.
In addition to the reasons listed above, hundreds more could be given to expose the activities of these so-called institutions.
So, how can one verify the existence of a university?
If you have received such an offer, be sure to check the following:
Is the university on the official state list?
Does it have accreditation?
Does it have a physical campus?
Is an official faculty staff listed?
Has the doctoral program been approved by the state?
If the answer to any of these questions is "no" - it is highly likely to be fake".
